This study of the literature concentrates on off-grid and on-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems as it explores the potential, developments, and challenges of solar energy in Canada. We look at the technical advancements in off-grid systems, which are crucial for remote locations, as well as the constraints they have, especially about initial expenses and battery disposal. Urban energy policies heavily rely on on-grid systems; here, their economic feasibility, technological innovations, and grid integration are examined. The analysis also addresses geographic variables that affect Canada’s potential for solar energy, emphasizing regions with strong solar radiation and those with challenging topography and climate. The assessment also covers the framework for regulation at the federal, state, and local levels, which is important for the implementation of solar energy systems. Lastly, a financial analysis of solar investments made in different provinces is shown, highlighting the variations in return on investment (ROI) that are impacted by the cost of power and government subsidies.
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